Revisión sistemática sobre la estructura interna y externa del press de banca / Systematic review of the internal and external structure of the bench press

Objetivo: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura con el objetivo de agrupar el conocimiento actual sobre el análisis de la estructura interna (actividad muscular), y estructura externa (cinemática) en el ejercicio de press de banca para una mejor comprensión del ejercicio. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos PUBMED, sobre artículos que realizaran una investigación en la actividad muscular y cinemática del ejercicio de press de banca. Se obtuvieron un total de 40 artículos. Una vez analizados, se aplicaron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, finalmente 8 artículos fueron incluidos. Resultados: Los músculos: pectoral mayor, deltoides anterior y tríceps braquial se han estudiado como los motores primarios del ejercicio, observando la respuesta de la actividad muscular en cuanto a cambios de intensidad, estímulos externos, orden de ejercicios y subfases del movimiento. Sobresalen el pectoral y tríceps como músculos que presentan una mayor actividad durante el ejercicio. En la mayoría de los estudios, un aumento de la intensidad conlleva a la aparición de la denominada “sticking región”, donde aparece una disminución de los parámetros cinemáticos durante el levantamiento de la barra, acompañado por una activación limitada del pectoral y el deltoides anterior. Conclusiones: Hay un mayor conocimiento de la estructura interna, realizada metodológicamente de distintas formas por lo que es necesaria la unificación de los procedimientos para mejorar el conocimiento del press de banca. Sin embargo, hay muy poca información sobre aspectos cinemáticos del movimiento y su estudio, así como sobre las relaciones entre estos parámetros y la actividad muscular con el objetico de obtener la relación causa efecto entre la actividad muscular y el movimiento que esta produce.(AU)

Objective: A review of the literature was carried out with the aim of grouping the current knowledge on the analysis of the internal structure (muscle activity) and external structure (kinematic) studied together in the bench press exercise for a proper understanding of the phenomenon. Methods: A search was made in the PUBMED database of articles that carried out an investigation on the muscle activity and kinematic of the bench press exercise. A total of 40 articles were obtained. Once analyzed, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, a total of 8 articles were included. Results: The pectoralis major, anterior deltoids, and triceps brachii muscles have been studied as the primary movers of exercise, observing the response of muscle activity in terms of changes in intensity, external stimuli, order of exercises, and subphases of movement. The pectoral and triceps stand out as muscles that present greater activity during exercise. In most studies, an increase in intensity leads to the appearance of the so-called sticking region, where a decrease in kinematic parameters appears during the lifting of the bar, accompanied by limited activation of the pectoral and anterior deltoid. Conclusions: There is a greater knowledge of the internal structure, carried out methodologically in different ways, so it is necessary to unify the procedures to improve knowledge of the phenomenon. However, there is no much studies focus on kinematic knowledge of movement and its study, as well as establish the relationships between these parameters and muscle activity in order to obtain the cause-effect relationship between muscle activity and the movement it produces.(AU)

Innovative Population Health Model Associated With Reduced Emergency Department Use And Inpatient Hospitalizations.

Population health strategies that improve access to health care and address social determinants of health may reduce the use of costly emergency services. Here we describe a strategy adopted by Baylor Scott & White Health to reduce rising rates of emergency department use and inpatient hospitalizations in an underserved Dallas community that is home to many people with low socioeconomic status. Baylor Scott & White partnered with the Dallas Park and Recreation Department to create a level-three primary care clinic integrating wellness and prevention programs in a city recreational center. The clinic, known as the Baylor Scott & White Health and Wellness Center, exemplifies the integration of social determinants of health within a population health strategy. Emergency department (ED) and inpatient care use was examined over twelve months after initiation of services at the center. People who used the center's services showed a reduction in ED use of 21.4 percent and a reduction in inpatient care use of 36.7 percent, with an average cost decrease of 34.5 percent and 54.4 percent, respectively. These data support the use of population health strategies to reduce the use of emergency services.

Physical Training in a Medical Fitness Room for Patients with Chronic Diseases: Functional and Metabolic Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is a pivotal factor in the development and progression of various chronic diseases. However, most fitness facilities exclude unhealthy individuals. Therefore, an exercise program that admits such patients is imperative. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a fitness facility that admits adult subjects with multiple chronic diseases. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective screening of patient records from the Medical Fitness Facility at Meir Medical Center, Israel. Intake of subjects was done by a multidisciplinary team. For each individual, personalized diet and exercise plans were developed and patients attended the facility twice a week. Each participant was evaluated at enrolment and after 4 months for well-being, metabolic parameters, exercise capacity, and laboratory blood tests. RESULTS: A total of 838 individuals were enrolled, mean age 57 years. Their medical conditions included dyslipidemia (48.8%), hypertension (37.6%), and diabetes mellitus (24.9%), followed by musculoskeletal problems (arthropathy 19%, lower back pain 16.1%) and ischemic heart disease (13.4%). Less common diagnoses were vascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, and malignancy. Only 40.5% of participants adhered to the regimen with advanced age being the best predictor for adherence. At the follow-up visit, body mass index was lower (31.2 vs. 30.2 kg/m2, P <0.0001), exercise capacity increased (measured as maximal MET; 7.1 vs. 8.1, P < 0.0001), and well-being improved (measured by Short Form Survey [SF-36]; 69.3 vs. 76.0, P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We show that a fitness program for patients with multiple chronic diseases is feasible and effective in improving prognostic parameters, albeit significantly challenged by adherence limitations.

Batería Funcional ARISTO en Gimnasia Rítmica: protocolo de test específicos para la evaluación de jóvenes gimnastas en un ámbito de entrenamiento saludable / Bateria Funcional em Ginastica Rítmica ARISTO: protocolo de testes específicos para avaliação de jovens ginastas em um ambiente de treino saudável / ARISTO Functional Battery in Rhythmic Gymnastics: Protocol of specific tests for the evaluation of young gymnasts in a field of healthy training

Objetivo. Presentar una batería de test para evaluar de manera específica las diferentes capacidades implícitas en el rendimiento de gimnasia rítmica. Método. La propuesta de los test se ha basado en un estudio del perfil motor de la gimnasia rítmica, así como en una revisión teórica de test existentes en este deporte y en especialidades gimnásticas similares con el fin de cubrir todas las capacidades relevantes inherentes en esta modalidad. Se realizó un estudio piloto con el objetivo de diagnosticar la viabilidad de la batería de test y se consensuó con los 11 socios del proyecto europeo en el que está enmarcado el trabajo («Asociaciones europeas en el ámbito del deporte»). Por último se configuró el soporte audiovisual del protocolo. Resultados. Se obtuvo una batería de 10 pruebas de fácil aplicación y que no reclaman un tiempo excesivo de los entrenamientos para su desarrollo. Igualmente supone un mínimo gasto económico, ya que el material utilizado es el que se encuentran en la propia sala de entrenamiento. Su aplicación permitirá medir: equilibrio, flexibilidad activa, flexibilidad pasiva, agilidad, fuerza-resistencia, coordinación y fuerza explosiva. Conclusión. El protocolo ARISTO de gimnasia rítmica se podría considerar una herramienta útil para facilitar una valoración de calidad de los entrenamientos en jóvenes practicantes de este deporte a nivel europeo (AU)

Objetivos. Apresentar uma bateria de testes para avaliar especificamente as diferentes habilidades implícitas no desempenho da ginástica rítmica. Método. A proposta dos testes foi baseada em um estudo do perfil motor das ginastas rítmicas, assim como em uma revisão teórica dos testes existentes nesse esporte e em especialidades de ginasticas semelhantes, a fim de abranger todas as capacidades relevantes inerentes a esta modalidade. Foi realizado um estudo piloto com objetivo de diagnosticar a viabilidade da bateria de testes e foi acordado a 11 parceiros do projeto europeu em que está enquadrado esta investigação (“Associação Européia no Domínio do Desporto”). Finalmente foi configurada o suporte audiovisual do protocolo foi configurado. Resultados. Foi obtida uma bateria de 10 testes, cada um de fácil aplicação e que não requerem um tempo excessivo de treino para o seu desenvolvimento. Igualmente pressupõe uma despesa económica mínima, uma vez que o material utilizado é o que se encontra na própria sala de treino. Sua aplicação permitirá medir: equilíbrio, flexibilidade ativa, flexibilidade passiva, agilidade, força-resistência, coordenação e força explosiva. Conclusão. O protocolo ARISTO de ginástica rítmica pode ser considerado uma ferramenta útil para facilitar a avaliação da qualidade do treinamento em jovens praticantes deste esporte a nível europeu (AU)

Objective. To present a battery of tests to evaluate specifically the different abilities implicit in the performance of the rhythmic gymnastic. Methods. The test proposal has been based on a study of the motor profile of rhythmic gymnasts, as well as a theoretical review of existing tests in this sport and similar gymnastic specialties in order to cover all relevant abilities inherent in this modality. A pilot study was carried out in order to diagnose the viability of the test battery and it was agreed with the 11 partners of the European project in which this research is framed (“European Actions in the field of Sport”). Finally the audiovisual support of the protocol was configured. Results. A battery of 10 tests was obtained, each one of easy application and that do not require an excessive time of training for its development. Equally it supposes a minimum economic expense, since the material used is the one that is in the own training room. Its application will be enable to measure: balance, active flexibility, passive flexibility, agility, strength-resistance, coordination and explosive force. Conclusion. The ARISTO rhythmic gymnastics protocol might be considered as a useful tool to facilitate the assessment of the quality of the training in young practitioners of this sport at European level (AU)

Building Resilience for Wellness: A Faculty Development Resource.

Introduction: The National Academy of Medicine recently published "A Multifaceted Systems Approach to Addressing Stress Within Health Professions Education and Beyond," which calls for greater attention to the wellness of health care providers, students, and educators. Suggested actions include "creating and training positive role models." In order for faculty to role-model behaviors of wellness, they need to understand what this means and how to incorporate it into their lives. At present, there is only one other MedEdPORTAL resource on wellness and resilience that includes faculty as audience members. Methods: This 60-minute workshop is designed to provide faculty with a basic framework for wellness, with an emphasis on the emotional process aspect of resilience. Strategies for stress and anxiety management are reviewed. The workshop is interactive, with large- and small-group discussions, as well as a guided meditation. Results: This workshop was given at the 2017 Council of Faculties Business Meeting at the American Dental Education Association Annual Session, with 40 participants. Workshop evaluations, completed by 34 (85%) attendees, showed an overall rating of 4.0 on a 5-point Likert scale, with 5 = excellent. The workshop was repeated at the School of Dentistry at the University of California, San Francisco, with 11 attendees; there, the overall rating was 4.7. Discussion: In order to contribute to a culture of wellness and resilience in their organization, faculty need training on the concepts, as well as practical skills for implementation. This workshop provides introductory-level knowledge and skills.

Em companhia do personal trainer: significados atribuídos pelos alunos ao atendimento personalizado / In the company of the Personal Trainer: meanings attributed by students to personalized attention / En compañia del Personal Trainer: significados atribuidos por los alumnos del servicio personalizado

Este estudo objetivou compreender os significados do atendimento do personal trainer para o respectivo aluno deste profissional. É uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo que se sustenta na literatura especializada sobre as temáticas personal trainer e treinamento personalizado. O estudo se valeu da análise de conteúdo como método e da entrevista semiestruturada como ferramenta metodológica. Foram entrevistados sete alunos de treinadores personalizados de uma academia de ginástica da cidade de Cachoeirinha/RS, Brasil. Após a análise das entrevistas, foi possível compreender que o atendimento do personal trainer para os alunos entrevistados significa resultados rápidos, confiança e motivação.

This study aimed at understanding the meanings of personal trainers attention for their students. It is a qualitative research based on specialized literature about personal trainers and personalized training. The study made use of content analysis as a method and semi-structured interview as a methodological tool. It interviewed seven students of personalized trainers in a fitness facility center in the city of Cachoeirinha/RS, Brasil. After analyzing the interviews, it was possible to understand that personal trainers attention to students interviewed means fast results, confidence and motivation.

Este estudio buscó comprender los significados de servicio del profesional de personal trainer con su respectivo alumno. Es una investigación de carácter cualitativo sustentada en la literatura especializada sobre temáticas relacionadas con personal trainer y entrenamiento personalizado. El estudio utilizó el análisis de contenido como método y la entrevista semiestructurada como herramienta metodológica. Fueron entrevistados siete alumnos de entrenadores personales en un gimnasio de la ciudad de Cachoeirinha/RS, Brasil. Luego del análisis de las entrevistas, fue posible comprender que el servicio del personal trainer para los alumnos entrevistados significa resultados rápidos, confianza y motivación.

Shame, self-criticism, perfectionistic self-presentation and depression in eating disorders

The complexity of eating disorder (ED) manifestations has increased the interest in understanding the mechanisms underlying the eating psychopathology and it is now widely accepted that there are multiple risk pathways for both the development and maintenance of eating psychopathology. This study examined the association between external shame and depression. We also investigated the possible mediation effect of self-criticism in the relation between shame and depression. Further to that, the current cross-sectional study inspected whether this mediation exists for different conditional values of perfectionistic self-presentation. 121 women diagnosed with eating disorder according to the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE 16.0D) completed a battery of self-report questionnaires to assess external shame, self-criticism, perfectionistic self-presentation and depression. A mediated-moderation analysis was performed. Results showed that the path from external shame to self-criticism depends on the level of perfectionistic self-presentation whereas the effect of self-criticism on depression is constant. Thus, there is an interaction between external shame and perfectionistic self-presentation on self-criticism which, in turn, affects depression. The internalization of an ideal-self sets up a standard that once compared to the actual self, displays negative self-evaluations and feelings that individuals see as reflecting a bad, inferior and flawed self. In this context, a perfectionistic self-presentation is used to create positive images on the minds of others. Although this style of organization is an adaptive way to deal with specific social contexts once it functions as a buffer in the relationship between shame and self-criticism, perfectionistic self-presentation seems to be a useless strategy since it does not prevent them from depression. Implications for future research are discussed (AU)

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Consumo, características y perfil del consumidor de suplementos nutricionales en gimnasios de Santiago de Chile / Consumo, características e perfil do consumidor de suplementos nutricionais em academias de Santiago do Chile / Consumption, characteristics, and profile: consumers of nutritional supplements in gymnasiums in Santiago, Chile

Introducción. Los deportistas son los principales consumidores de suplementos nutricionales; presentan en general la utilización más alta. En Chile existe un creciente interés por consumir estos suplementos, sin tener mucho conocimiento de sus efectos. Objetivos. Determinar el perfil del consumidor, quiénes lo recomiendan, los productos más usados y distinguir posibles diferencias de acuerdo al sexo, la finalidad de su uso y otras variables. Métodos. Se aplica un cuestionario de 19 preguntas abiertas y cerradas a 446 voluntarios hombres y mujeres, asistentes a 6 gimnasios de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile durante el año 2013, pertenecientes a un grupo etario de entre 17 y 49 años de edad. Resultados. Los hombres son los mayores consumidores de suplementos, lo cual aumenta de acuerdo al tiempo de entrenamiento semanal que realizan. Ellos prefieren batidos proteicos con el objetivo de aumentar su masa muscular. Las mujeres consumen principalmente vitaminas y agentes lipolíticos con el objetivo de disminuir la masa grasa. Un alto porcentaje cree que el consumo de suplementos les ayuda a cumplir sus objetivos. Conclusión. Un número considerable de personas que asiste regularmente a los gimnasios consume suplementos sin la orientación especializada y posiblemente sin tener que utilizarlos realmente, pero es necesario regular el uso irracional y potencialmente inseguro de los suplementos nutricionales en mejora del rendimiento físico (AU)

Introduction. Athletes are the principle consumers of nutritional supplements, and generally present the highest rate of usage. In Chile, there is a growing interest in consuming these supplements, although there is little knowledge of their effects. Objectives. To determine the consumer profile, who recommends the usage of these nutritional supplements, what the most used products are, and to distinguish possible differences in variables like sex, the purpose of their use, and others. Methods. A survey with 19 open and closed questions was given to 446 men and women volunteers, from between the ages of 17 and 49, who were participants from six gymnasiums in Santiago, Chile, in 2013. Results. Men are the greatest consumers of supplements, and usage increases according to the amount of time spent training every week. This group prefers protein shakes with the aim of increasing muscle mass. Women principally consume vitamins and lipolytic agents with the aim of reducing fatty mass. A high percentage believes that consuming supplements aids in meeting their goals. Conclusion. A considerable number of those who regularly attend a gymnasium consume supplements without specialized orientation and (possibly) without the real need of doing so. It is necessary to regulate irrational and potentially unsafe use of nutritional supplements in bettering physical output (AU)

Introdução. Os atletas são os principais consumidores de suplementos nutricionais, e geralmente apresentam a maior taxa de uso. No Chile, há um crescente interesse em consumir estes suplementos, embora haja pouco conhecimento de seus efeitos. Objetivos. Determinar o perfil do consumidor, quem recomenda, os produtos mais utilizados e distinguir possíveis diferenças de acordo com sexo, a finalidade do seu uso e outras variáveis. Métodos. Foi aplicado um questionário com 19 perguntas abertas e fechadas a 446 voluntários homens e mulhere pertencentes a faixa etária de 17 a 49 anos de idade, participantes de 6 academias na cidade de Santiago do Chile, durante o ano de 3013. Resultados. Os homens são os maiores consumidores de suplementos, o qual aumenta de acordo com o tempo de treinamento semanal que realizam. Eles preferem shakes de proteína, a fim de aumentar a sua massa muscular. Principalmente as mulheres consomem vitaminas e agentes lipolíticos, a fim de reduzir a massa gorda. Uma percentagem alta acredita que o consumo de suplementos irá ajudá-lo a cumprir seus objetivos. Conclusão. Um número considerável de pessoas que frequentam regularmente academias, consomem suplementos sem orientação especializada e, possivelmente, nenhuma necessidade real para isso, portanto é necessário regulamentar o uso irracional e potencialmente inseguro de suplementos nutricionais para melhorar o desempenho (AU)

Aspectos nutricionales, antropométricos y psicológicos en gimnasia rítmica / Nutritional, anthropometrical and psychological aspects in rhythmic gymnastics

Introducción: existen alteraciones frecuentes en la alimentación de la población infantil femenina, y especialmente en atletas de deportes estéticos por la presión ejercida para mantener un cuerpo. Objetivos: evaluar los aspectos nutricionales, antropométricos y la percepción del peso de niñas que realizan gimnasia rítmica frente a un grupo control. Métodos: estudio descriptivo comparativo. Se compararon 25 niñas gimnastas con 25 niñas no gimnastas (control). Se realizó una valoración antropométrica, mediante protocolo ISAK, y nutricional, mediante un registro dietético de 7 días; así como una valoración cuantitativa y cualitativa de la ingesta alimentaria, mediante el software DIAL. Se rellenó un cuestionario de hábitos y sobre la percepción de su peso corporal. Resultados: los datos antropométricos no presentaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos, excepto en los pliegues cutáneos y el porcentaje de grasa, el cual era estadísticamente inferior en gimnastas. La ingesta energética (1.413 ± 283 kcal/día) de las gimnastas era inferior a la recomendada por la Food and Nutrition Board de acuerdo a su edad. La distribución de los macronutrientes cumplía con los valores normales establecidos (10-30% proteínas, 45-65% hidratos, 20-35% grasas). El 32% de las gimnastas y el 36,4% de las niñas control consideraron que les gustaría pesar menos. Conclusión: teniendo en cuenta la intensa actividad de las gimnastas, sus requerimientos energéticos deberían ajustarse a ello, ya que esto contribuirá a su desarrollo y crecimiento y a una mejor ejecución del ejercicio. En la muestra estudiada, el consumo de alimentos de las gimnastas se aleja de una alimentación equilibrada. No se observaron comportamientos diferentes en la percepción del peso entre ambos grupos (AU)

Introduction: There are frequent changes in the supply of female child population, especially in aesthetic sports athletes by pressure to maintain a body. Objectives: The aim was to evaluate nutritional, anthropometric and weight perception aspects of girls who perform rhythmic gymnastics. Methods: 25 gymnast girls were compared to 25 control girls (control). Anthropometric assessment was done by ISAK protocol and nutrition through a seven-day dietary record; as well as a quantitative and qualitative assessment of dietary intake by the DIAL software. Nutritional assessment was performed using a seven days dietary record. A quantitative and qualitative assessment of food intake was conducted, using DIAL software. An ad hoc questionnaire to assess their perception of weight was completed. Results: Anthropometric data showed no significant differences between the study groups except for skinfolds and fat percentage, which was statistically lower in gymnast girls. Energy intake (1,413 ± 283 kcal/day) of gymnasts was lower than recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board, according to their age. Distribution of macronutrients was in the range of normal values (10-30% proteins, 45-65% carbohydrates, 20-35% fat). 32% of gymnasts and 36.4% of control girls felt they should weigh less. Conclusion: Considering the activity carried out by gymnasts, their energy requirements should conform to it, as this will contribute to their development and growth, and also to better perform their activity. Gymnasts’ food consumption is far from a balanced diet. No different behaviors were observed in the perception of weight between the two groups (AU)

Building on a YMCA's health and physical activity promotion capacities: A case study of a researcher-organization partnership to optimize adolescent programming_.

School-based physical activity programs are only effective for increasing adolescents' school-based physical activity. To increase out-of-school-time physical activity, complementary community programs are warranted. Partnerships between universities and community organizations may help build the capacity of these organizations to provide sustainable programs. To understand capacity building processes and outcomes, we partnered with a YMCA to build on their adolescent physical activity promotion capacity. Together, we designed and implemented means to evaluate the YMCA teen program to inform program planning. For this qualitative case study, emails and interviews and meetings transcripts were collected over 2.5 years and analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Findings illustrate that the YMCA's workforce and organizational development capacities (e.g., evaluation and health promotion capacity and competence) were increased through our partnership, resource allocation, and leadership. We responded to YMCA partners' perceived needs, yet guided them beyond those needs, successfully combining our complementary objectives, knowledge, and skills to generate an integrated program vision, rationale, and evaluation results. This provided YMCA partners with validation, reminders, and awareness. In turn, this contributed to programming and evaluation practice changes. In light of extant capacity building literature, we discuss how our partnership increased the YMCA's capacity to promote healthy adolescent programs.

Impacto del comportamiento de los ex-clientes de centros deportivos por tipo de cuota / Impact of the behaviour of the ex customers of sport centres by type of fee

El objetivo del estudio es analizar los motivos de baja de clientes de centros deportivos así como sus actuaciones futuras, diferenciando por tipo de centro en función de su cuota. Se administró una encuesta ad hoc a 7.863 exclientes de centros deportivos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y con tablas de contingencias. La falta de tiempo y la calidad/precio son los principales motivos de baja, encontrando diferencias por tipo de centro. Por último, la segunda opción más elegida a la hora de abandonar un centro es el abandono de la práctica deportiva

The aim of this study was to analyze the reasons for dropping out in sport centers’ customers as well as the future actions, depending on the sort of center’s fee. An ad hoc survey of 7,863 ex-customers from sport centers was carried out. A descriptive and contingency tables analysis was developed. Lack of time and quality / price are the main reasons for dropping out; finding differences according to the type of center. Finally, the second option more chosen for leaving a center was stop doing sport

The relationship among service experience, perceived value and behavioural intentions of customers in a group fitness class / La relación entre la experiencia de servicio, el valor percibido y las intenciones de comportamiento en clientes de actividades dirigidas

Understanding the importance of the customer perception during the experience in the fitness centre is fundamental to comprehend behavioural intentions for fitness centre managers. This study attempts to understand how important and necessary is consumer’s assessment of service experience, perceived value, and behavioural intention, and the relationships among theses variables into group fitness class (GFC), and Virtual fitness class (VFC). Data was collected from 1.943 customers. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated an adequate goodness-of-fit-indexes for the model obtained. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed the positive and significant effect of service experience on customers’ perceived value and behavioural intention, but results show that perceived value has poor fit on behavioural intentions. The overall customer’s perception of GFC and VFC can be a focus for fitness centre’s managers aiming to improve fitness service supply related to new technologies in the fitness industry to increase intentions to repurchase

Comprender la percepción del consumidor durante su experiencia dentro de un centro de fitness resulta fundamental para que los gerentes puedan entender las intenciones de comportamiento futuras de sus abonados. Este estudio pretende esclarecer la importancia y la necesaria evaluación de la experiencia de servicio, el valor percibido y la intenciones de comportamiento, así como la relación entre dichas variables dentro de las actividades dirigidas con técnico y las actividades dirigidas virtuales, utilizando para ello una muestra de 1.943 usuarios. El análisis factorial confirmatorio indica un adecuado ajuste para el modelo de medida propuesto. Por otro lado, el análisis de ecuaciones estructurales utilizado revela una relación positiva y significativa de las experiencias de servicio hacia el valor percibido y las intenciones de comportamiento respectivamente. Sin embargo, el modelo muestra un pobre ajuste entre el valor percibido y las intenciones de comportamiento. La percepción global del consumidor en ambas actividades puede resultar un elemento de estudio para los gerentes con el objetivo de mejorar la oferta de servicios de fitness utilizando las nuevas tecnologías para así incrementar las intenciones de compra

El análisis de la comunicación paraverbal cinésica y proxémica de los instructores de fitness mediante patrones temporales (T-patterns) / Analysis of kinesic and proxemic paraverbal communication in fitness instructors using time patterns (T-patterns)

El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis de la comunicación paraverbal y los perfiles comunicativos de los instructores de programas de fitness: step, tonificación, fitness acuático y cycling. Aplicamos la metodología observacional para grabar videográficamente doce instructoras expertas (n = 12 mujeres, edad de 31 ± 6.14 años), a razón de tres sesiones de cada uno de estos cuatro programas, que registramos con los instrumentos de observación SOCIN-fitness, SOPROX-fitness y codificado mediante el software LINCE. Los resultados descriptivos y de patrones temporales (T-patterns), obtenidos respectivamente mediante los programas SPSS v.20.0. y THEME 5.0., revelan una gran variabilidad en el comportamiento cinésico y proxémico de las instructoras de cada actividad, y también un predominio gestual condicionado por la ejecución con escasa riqueza interactiva y participativa hacia los usuarios. La optimización de los intercambios comunicativos de las instructoras es esencial para promover una mayor motivación y aceptación de los programas de fitness de la población (AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze paraverbal communication and communication patterns in fitness instructors in four disciplines: body step, toning, aqua fitness, and indoor cycling. Using observational methodology, we filmed 12 workout sessions (3 for each discipline) led by twelve expert instructors (all women, with a mean age of 31±6.14 years). The sessions were observed using the SOCIN-fitness and SOPROX-fitness observation instruments and analyzed using the LINCE multiplatform sports analysis software. Descriptive results and time patterns (T-patterns) yielded by SPSS v.20.0 and THEME 5.0, respectively, revealed marked variability in kinesic and proxemic behaviors in all 4 disciplines, in addition to a predominance of gestures marked by the execution of the activities, with little interaction and participation with members of the class. Optimization of communication between fitness instructors and participants is key to improving motivation and acceptance of fitness programmes among the general populations (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar padrões de comunicação paraverbal [comunicação não verbal (CNV)] de uma amostra representativa dos instrutores de programas de fitness das atividades de: step, localizada, hidroginástica e cycling. Foram filmados em vídeo 3 sessões de cada tipo de atividade de doze instrutores experientes (n = 12 mulheres, 31 ± 6.14 anos de idade), e observados com os instrumentos de observação SOCIN- fitness e SOPROX-fitness, sendo o registo efetuado no software LINCE. Os resultados descritivos e os padrões temporais (T-patterns), obtidos através dos programas SPSS v20.0 e THEME 5.0 , respetivamente, revelaram uma grande riqueza na comunicação cinésico e gestual acompanhadas de uma grande variabilidade proxémica na orientação e posição corporal no espaço. A caracterização e deteção destes perfis de comunicação e otimização no desenvolvimento profissional pode levar a uma maior adesão a programas de fitness e aumentar a motivação dos seu praticantes (AU)

Secular change in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition of women: the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate secular change of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition during 35 years in a large sample of women enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline fitness data collected during preventive medical examination of 13,037 women aged 20 to 64 years evaluated at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas, from January 1, 1970, through December 30, 2004, who underwent a body composition assessment and a maximal treadmill exercise test. Women were stratified by examination year (5 years for each group) and age. Analysis of covariance was used to ascertain secular change of CRF and body composition. RESULTS: Adjusted CRF levels, as indicated by maximal metabolic equivalent or relative maximum oxygen consumption, among women in the cohort increased significantly during a 35-year period for both age groups (P<.001). The greatest change occurred during the 1970s to 1980s, with a small decrease in 2000 through 2004 in both age groups. Adjusted body mass index increased 9.05% during the past 35 years (P<.001), but adjusted percentage of body fat was significantly higher in 1980 through 1984 than in the other groups (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of women, the mean CRF has improved during the past 35 years, with a slight decrease in 2000 through 2004. From 1980 through 2004, the increase in body weight was mainly attributable to the increase in fat-free mass.

Validade relativa de métodos de avaliação do consumo de frutas e hortaliças / Relative validity of methods of assessing the consumption of fruit and vegetables

Introdução: A avaliação adequada do consumo de frutas e hortaliças (FH) adquire relevância pela sua contribuição para a proteção à saúde. Entretanto, é um desafio devido à aleatoriedade do consumo alimentar e dos múltiplos fatores que interferem em sua acurácia. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a validade relativa de métodos de investigação do consumo de frutas e hortaliças em usuários do Programa Academia da Saúde de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com usuários adultos e idosos (> 20 anos) de amostra representativa dos polos do Programa Academia da Saúde de Belo Horizonte/MG. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, antropométricos e de consumo de FH a partir de questionário estruturado e testado. Comparou-se as medianas do consumo em gramas de FH (exceto tubérculos), tercis e adequação de consumo desses alimentos segundo métodos teste: Questionário Breve de Avaliação do consumo de frutas e hortaliças (QBreve-FH) e Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA-FH), e método referência: Recordatório Alimentar de 24 horas (R24h) associado a kit de medidas caseiras. Foram calculados coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e Kappa ponderado, e efetuado teste de Wilcoxon segundo idade, sexo, grau de escolaridade e Índice de Massa Corporal. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi de 299 indivíduos, sendo 86,6% do sexo feminino com mediana de 57 (intervalo interquartílico de 48 a 65) anos de idade. Observou-se que a correlação entre os métodos teste e referência foram fracas ou moderadas. Melhores correlações foram observadas para avaliação do consumo de frutas segundo QBreve-FH (r=0,437), principalmente entre os indivíduos com maior escolaridade (r=0,521) e excesso de peso (r=0,551). Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre o consumo em gramas de frutas obtidas pelo QBreve-FH e o R24h. Essa comparação também resultou em maiores percentuais de classificação em ...

The assessment of the consumption of fruits and vegetables (FH) becomes relevant for their contribution for health protection. However, this assignment is challenging because of the randomness of food consumption and the multiple factors that interfere in its accuracy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative validity of the methods of consumption of fruits and vegetables in users of the Health Academy Program in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with users 20 years old or more of representative sample of the poles of the Health Academy Program in Belo Horizonte / MG. Socioeconomic, anthropometric and FH consumption data were collected from structured and tested questionnaire. The median of consumption was compared in grams of FH (except tubers) tertiles and suitability of these foods second test methods: Brief Assessment of consumption of fruits and vegetables (QBreve-FH) and Food Frequency Questionnaire (QFA- FH), and reference method: 24 hours Food Recall (24HR) associated with the kit of household measures. The correlation coefficient was calculated to Spearman, Kappa and Wilcoxon tests according to age, sex, education level and body mass index. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 299 individuals, 86.6% were female with a median of 57 (interquartile range of 48 to 65) years old. It was observed that the correlation between the test and reference methods varied between poor and moderate. Best correlations are observed for evaluation of fruit second QBreve-FH (r = 0.427), mainly among individuals with higher education (r = 0.521) and overweight (r = 0.551). There were no statistical differences between the consumption in grams of fruit obtained by QBreve-FH and the 24-hour recall, the same comparison resulted in higher...(AU)

Community fitness center-based physical activity interventions: a brief review.

Sedentary lifestyle is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. A compelling body of evidence demonstrates the amelioration and prevention of such conditions with increased levels of physical activity (PA). Despite this evidence, many public health initiatives aimed at increasing PA have failed to demonstrate clinically relevant effects on public health. It has been hypothesized that the highly controlled environments in which PA and health research is conducted limits its replicability in real-world community settings. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of community fitness center-based interventions on inactivity-related diseases in adults. Data from 11 investigations highlighted 3 factors: (1) a lack of community-based PA studies, (2) a lack of clinically relevant data, and 3) further reliance on self-report and rudimentary measurements. It is concluded that the current laboratory-based evidence for PA and health is to be replicated yet in real-world settings and that rigorous and clinically relevant naturalistic research is required.

Noise levels in fitness classes are still too high: evidence from 1997-1998 and 2009-2011.

Fitness instructors routinely use high music volumes that may be harmful to hearing. This study assessed noise levels during 35 low-intensity and 65 high-intensity fitness classes in 1997-1998 and 2009-2011. Questionnaires examined instructors' and clients' preferred music volumes and whether they found loud music "stressful" or "motivating." Noise levels in 1997-1998 and 2009-2011 were similar, frequently exceeding 90 dB(A). Although noise levels in low-intensity classes dropped from 88.9 to 85.6 dB(A), they remained high for high-intensity classes, averaging 93.1 dB(A). In 2009-2011, instructors preferred significantly higher volumes than clients for high-intensity classes. In both time periods, about 85% of instructors found loud music motivating, whereas about one fifth of clients found it stressful. The results suggest that noise exposure from fitness classes, particularly high-intensity classes, continues to pose a potential risk to hearing.

Partnering to increase access to community exercise programs for people with stroke, acquired brain injury, and multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this article is to describe the development and evaluation of a task-oriented group exercise program, delivered through a municipal recreation program, for community-dwelling people with neurological conditions. METHODS: Physical therapists (PTs) at a rehabilitation hospital partnered with a municipal recreation provider to develop and evaluate a 12-week exercise program for people with stroke, acquired brain injury, and multiple sclerosis at 2 community centers. Fitness instructors who were trained and supported by PTs taught 1-hour exercise classes twice a week. In a program evaluation of the safety, feasibility and effects of the program, standardized measures of physical function were administered before and after the program. RESULTS: Fourteen individuals (mean age: 63 years) participated and attended 92% of exercise classes, on average. Two minor adverse events occurred during 293 attendances. Improvement in mean score on all measures was observed. In people with stroke, a statistically significant improvement in mean Berg Balance Scale (mean ± SD change = 3 ± 2 points, P = .016, n = 7) and 6-minute walk test scores (change = 26 ± 26 m, P = .017, n = 9) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: This model of exercise delivery provides people with neurological conditions with access to a safe, feasible and potentially beneficial exercise program in the community.

A role for communities in primary prevention of chronic illness? Case studies in regional Australia.

In regional Australia "communities of place," defined as bounded geographic locations with a local society, undertake community-wide primary prevention programs. In helping to prevent chronic illness, communities provide valuable resources to the health system. To understand the role of community-health sector partnerships for primary prevention and the community contextual factors that affect them, we studied eight partnerships. We used an embedded multiple case study design and collected data through interviews, nonparticipant observation, and document analysis. These data were analyzed using a typology of community-health sector partnerships and community interaction theory to frame the key community contextual factors that affected partnerships. The dominant factor affecting all partnerships was the presence of a collective commitment that communities brought to making the community a better place through developing health. We call this a communitarian approach. Additional research to investigate factors influencing a communitarian approach and the role it plays in partnerships is required.

A double whammy: health promotion among cancer survivors with preexisting functional limitations.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To explore the experience of living with a preexisting functional disability and a cancer diagnosis and to identify strategies that promote health in the growing population of cancer survivors. RESEARCH APPROACH: Qualitative, descriptive. SETTING: Four sites in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: 19 female cancer survivors with preexisting disabling conditions. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH: Four focus groups were conducted. The group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed and analyzed using content analysis techniques. FINDINGS: Analytic categories included living with a cancer diagnosis, health-promotion strategies, and wellness program development for survivors with preexisting functional limitations. Participants described many challenges associated with managing a cancer diagnosis on top of living with a chronic disabling functional limitation. They identified strategies to maintain health and topics in health-promotion programs tailored for this unique group of cancer survivors. CONCLUSIONS: The "double whammy" of a cancer diagnosis for people with preexisting functional limitations requires modification of health-promotion strategies and programs to promote wellness in this group of cancer survivors. INTERPRETATION: Nurses and other healthcare providers must attend to patients' preexisting conditions as well as the challenges of the physical, emotional, social, and economic sequelae of a cancer diagnosis. KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION: Cancer survivors with preexisting functional disabilities had difficulties finding cancer care providers who could manage their unique needs. That may be because some cancer-care providers are inadequately prepared to care for patients with cancer who have complex preexisting conditions. Cancer survivors with preexisting conditions may benefit from health-promotion programs that emphasize self-advocacy strategies, management of the economic impact of multiple diagnoses, and wellness activities adapted to their unique functional limitations.